Erosion processes apart from distruction of upper layer of soil, influences morphology and hydrology of streams. Devastation of upper soil layer decreases basin retention what increases surface runoff, flood discharges and decreases low flows. Particularly bad damages in mountains basins are caused by heavy rains that have local extent but are very violent. The Wielka Puszcza basin is located on two natural regions: Podkarpacie Właściwe and Beskid Mały that belong to the Karpaty district. The basin area amounts 19,30 km2. Density of hydrographical network is 1,60 km⋅km-2, slope index 0,3102. Mean height attaines 507,5 m npm. The basin has forestry degree 81,65%, and indicator of forestry development 0,87. In the investigated basin prevail slopes above 30% (62,1%) and 20-30% (20,7%). It is lack of slopes of 0- 3%. The mean slope of the basin is 25,47%. In land use prevail forests (81,65%). There is 16,54% of arable lands, and grasslands cover 1,81% of the area. The cross sections of the channel and discharge intensity curves before flood and after flood that took place on 28 August 2005 were presented. Disasterous flows caused significant cross section area, lowering channel bottom of about 0,5 m. The change of flow intensity curve took ...
The authors show in the paper which types of soil erosion occur in the Carpathian mountain region and what are causes of it. It was found that the most susceptible to soil erosion were arable lands because of their surface being periodically devoid of plant cover. On the arable lands two types of soil erosion: surface and wind erosion can be found. Sometimes one can also find rill erosion and land slides. On the mountain grasslands, the most frequent are landslides which occur also in the forests on slopes with inclination. The main cause of soil erosion is the waterproof clay part on which a surface layer of soil slides down. All described types of soil erosion are very dangerous for environment because degrade the soils, pollute the surface waters, lower the agricultural and grassland production and lower the landscape values. The occurrence of soil erosion in mountain regions is caused first of all by larger and more intensive rainfalls and inclination of the slopes. ...
The cathastrofical grand rainfall, which appeared on 2.08.2005 year in the amount of 70 l/m2 caused innudation in the basin of the Wielka Puszcza stream. The high flows caused numerous damages, for example: depresson of river bed bottom from 1 to 2m and broaden about 2–4 m. In many places the river banks, asphalt road, bridge and numerous trees were destroyed. After the innudation the assessment of destructions and also the biological construction in the river banks protection before the flows were made. It was found that, at the good biological construction of river banks there is not erosion. The best plant species for the biological construction are: Alnus incana, Salix alna, S. fragilis, S. viminalis, S. purpurea and other willow. If there are in biological construction the big flows don`t devastate the banks. Unadequate to biological construction are the forest trees for example Picea excelsa because they do not protect the river banks against the big flows. Assessment of damages made by big outflow for example: channel deepening and enlargement, reservoir sedimentation and damages of river banks by stones. The trees which were uprooted by big water created in some places water falls, and at its deep holes in ...
The paper presents the results of investigations on changes of heavy metal contain within the deposits of the check dam water reservoir situated on the mountainous stream along the long term observations done between 1977-1981 and in 2002). The work was realized in the Kasinka Stream watershed in the Beskid Wyspowy in Polish Carpathians. The catchment area of the Kasinka Stream is 49,6 km2, the length of the Kasinka to the research cross section is 16,2 km, the precipitation is 914 mm, and the t-years floods within the check-dam cross section are as follows: Q10% = 32,0 m3 s-1, Q5% = 40 m3 s-1, Q2% = 52 m3 s-1, Q1% = 63 m3 s-1, Q0,5% = 73 m3 s-1 and Q0,1% = 99 m3 s-1. The Kasinka Stream is the 3rd order tributary of the Raba River which is the 2nd order tributary of the Vistula River. The Kasinka watershed is situated within the recreation areas of Krakow (the Raba Valley and Mszana municipality). The area is quite dense populated with many tourist areas. Also it is here where the road to Zakopane is nearby. All ...
In the work there were presented results of investigations carried out in the framework of the research problem 09.10.04.04.03 concerning hydrological characteristics in the upper Soła river against the background of physiographical conditions, climate and use. Apart from physiographical characteristics the results of annual discharges measurements amounting 1,303 m3*s-1 at hydrometrical section closing the basin of an area of 37,525 km2, unitary runoff amounting 57 dm3*s-1*km-2 and runoff indicators 2,96 mm. ...
