The paper presents selected issues on geodetic kinematic models. In previous applications various linear esti-mation procedures are used, they are use to solve a system of equations involving observation issue. The kine-matic model can be formulated itself in various options. The model conception adopted in this work assumes that it does not matter how to perform follow-up, in terms of time or measurement periods. The input data may also be functions of observations, for example, coordinates of the points with the corresponding covariance matrix. Kinematic model if it is to involve civil engineering, should be supplemented by adequate restrictions imposed on the model parameters, ensuring continuity of displacements and deformations. A generalized kinematic model can be used to obtain the parameters of functions describing the movement of individual points or the entire facility, which provide information on the point or vector displacement field. ...
The article presents the process of selling land owned by the State Treasury, represented by the Agricultural Property Agency. This process can be carried out in different ways, because it depends on the buyer's rights. Simultaneously with the sale may be carried for free or manually putting the income from the trade in such land. This paper describes the restrictions posed on the buying side, under the current law. Next the access to information about the offered properties was rated, and the transactions concluded in the years 2009-2011 were traced. The study was conducted for the transaction from all over the country and then they were narrowed to the Field Centre in Rzeszów and, at last, compared with the in-formation obtained for the Jarosław community. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of the Agency's real estate market by examining the dis-tribution of all land under its management on Polish territory. The paper analyzes how to transfer land ownership to other parties and rated time frame to further Agency's activities. ...
This article presents exact algorithm for calculation "length of tangent" to quadric surface based on results of measurement tangent directions to shell object. The considerations are mainly about one-sheet hyperboloid shape. The considerations made for the objects in the shape of hyperboloid of one sheet. Using the algorithm can calculate the location and shape, but also the parameters of the shell, which compared to previously used methods, allows for better precision than that calculated on the basis of previously existing algorithms. Modification of the algorithm presented allows to increase the accuracy of the final results, using the proposed method of measurement. This solution saves money and time. ...
On the base of geodetic, photogrammetric or radio observations of the sheet objects its position, dimensions and shape are determined. Approximation of mathematical model for the surface, used as a reference for estimation of geometric state of the object is based on the space co-ordinates of points representing the sheet of the object. In practice, the model parameter values are determined without consideration of accuracy of these co-ordinates. However, the covariance matrix for co-ordinates of observed points constitutes a base to estimate accuracy of determined parameters and its functions. In this paper an algorithm enabling es-timation of accuracy for the estimated parameters of the surface is presented. In addition, a measure of fitting of mathematical model to the observed geometric state of the sheet is determined. This parameter can be used to decide on adequacy of a medel. A method of estimation of the unit variance estimator reflecting effect of measurement errors only is also described. ...
Determining the legal status of real estate is a key issue in its course. Not only it applies to define the boundaries but also the owner of the property. An in-stitution of Land Registry and their warranty should be the law secured for this transactions. The crucial problem are those properties, for which the only proof of purchase is an act of ownership of land issued under the Law on regulation of property holdings of 26 October 1971.In such situations may occur to challenge the document itself or the cancel-lation attempt, but corrected the information contained therein is not currently po-ssible. It is also possible that, despite assumptions of Land Register, a person not mentioned in it will have AWZ identifying itself as the owner. Further problems may arise from the need to determine if the property is covered by the act constitutes a joint ownership or separate one, and whether the right does not purport to adjacent property owners.Despite the passing of almost 39 years after the enactment of this act, there are such plots, for which the only proof of ownership is the act of land ownership. In the absence of a land register, the best solution seems ...
At the stage of market analysis prior to application of appropriate proce-dures for determining a value of the property an important element is to determi-nate a variability of immobility prices over a time, and if the impact of the transac-tion at the time of transfer is important for volatility, it should be adjust transaction prices based on accumulated property.It is important to confirm for the stage of the valuation of the recent years events at the Polish real estate market. While still 5-10 years ago, in a predictable and regular way property prices shaped in accordance with a trend of small grow-ing, then starting from 2003 the property market in Poland has entered the period known as boom and the market prices observed a very large price increases. Dif-ferences between current market prices for similar properties can vary by a few or several percent from month to month, and the disregard of these changes over time during the measurement could lead to a significant underestimation of the real estate value.Article aims determine the suitability of statistical models to detect and de-termine the price changes in the accumulated database real estate and their appli-cation to adjust prices due to the shift ...
The need for periodic testing of surveying equipment is often treated by surveyors as a "necessary evil". Research conducted in the Metrological Geodetic Laboratory GLM AGH shows that the periodic calibration of surveying instru-ments allows to detect and describe the systematic errors, and generate proposals for the proper use of equipment, which leads to maintaining the accuracy required under the legislation.The article presents conclusions from laboratory tests of leveling rods, which can help to improve the accuracy of precise leveling. These considerations are particularly important for measurements carried out in the mountains and in engineering measurements of the highest accuracy.
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Attempts to analyze real estate markets forcing classical methods, which narrow the area of research and standardization of variables, inter alia, limited territorial coverage. The paper presents a segmentation of the land immobility market at selected areas of urban-rural, that deliberately was chosen so, as not to create homogeneous cluster. To this end, the model regression trees (C&RT) was chosen, which allows you to combine qualitative and quantitative attributes, and thus-far overlooked features include, without assigning them values. The result a scheme that allows to assess the value of real estate transaction price including attributes such as "Community" or "City" was prepared.
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