The paper presents an analysis of the influence of the moisture content in autoclaved aerated concretes on their drying. The tested material consisted of 60 cubic samples (10 x 10cm) of fly ash aerated concrete and sand aerated concrete, types 400 and 600. The analyzed physical parameters of the samples, such as specific density, bulk density, porosity, tightness and absorbtivity, were presented in the paper. The tests revealed that the rate of autoclaved aerated concrete drying depends in the first place on its structure and the moisture content. The drying period of samples soaked with water was the shortest for the sand aerated concrete type 600. The longest drying period was observed for the samples of the fly ash aerated concrete type 600. The results of conducted analyses allowed for distinguishing two phases of autoclaved aerated concrete drying: the first - up to 10 days, when an intensive decrease in mass wetness takes place, and the second - from 10 to 25-40 days, when a slow decline in mass wetness is observed. ...
The paper presents results of studies of some indoor microclimate parameters and temperature of litter bedding in a freestall barn used to house dairy cattle in a deep-litter bedding system. The studies were conducted in the period from 22 March 2014 to 22 March 2015. The analysis of distribution of litter surface temperature showed its strong relationship with indoor air temperature. In summer, temporary exceedances of the allowable indoor air temperature by even 12 °C were noted. The studies showed a significant effect of the number of animals in the barn on litter surface temperature. In the periods when cows stayed in the barn, two zones could be distinguished: the sidewall zone 1.5 m wide at the western outside wall of the building and the inner zone encompassing the remaining part of the barn. Differences in litter temperature between these zones, when cows stayed in the barn, reached 10°C. When the building was empty and animals were on pasture, the differences between litter surface temperatures were much smaller and did not exceed 3°C. ...
Preliminary results of the investigations conducted in a deep-litter barn were presented in the paper. The research was carried out during the summer season, from June till August 2014. Results of continuous measurements of the indoor temperature and air humidity revealed considerable diversification of the temperature and humidity conditions in the barn. Exceeded limit indoor temperature was registered, particularly in July when the ambient temperatures were high. The most unfavourable indoor conditions in the building occurred in July during 24 days of animal rearing. In the other analysed months (June and August) the recommended value of the indoor air temperature was noted during 13 days of animal rearing. The indoor air relative humidity also exceeded the maximum permissible values, although the animals remained on the pasture for a major part of the day. ...
The paper presents analysis of hygrothermal characteristics of insulated external partitions in residential building in municapility of Michałowice. The study showed a high diversity of material and structural solutions in existing buildings. The value of heat transfer coefficient for external walls of buildings before thermomodernisation was surveyed as mostly about 1.00 W∙m-2∙K-1. Thermomodernisation contributed to reduction in heat transfer coefficient through the walls to about 0.30 W∙m-2∙K-1. Hygrothermal calculations showed a great risk of condensation in non-insulated exterior walls. Modernization contributed to elimination of condensation of water vapour in the carrier layer of the wall. The result of thermomodernisation was increase of temperature of inner surface of the partitions, which reduced the risk of water vapour condensation inside the baffles and on their surfaces. Another result of thermomodernisation was about 3-fold increase of thermal resistance in studied buildings in municipality of Michałowice. ...
The paper presents analysis of existing concrete tiles roofing on outbuildings in selected localities of the Pińczów district. On the basis of the observations on the spot it was established that concrete tiles constitute 18% of all roof coverings in the investigated area. It is the most frequently used on livestock housing. It was noticed that of all concrete tiles, 81% are the products manufactured using traditional methods, directly on the construction site. Water absorption by weight was determined for selected concrete tiles in order to assess the technical state of existing concrete tiles roofing. The tests of water absorption by weight revealed about 1.6% lower water absorption for tiles mass produced by industry than for traditionally manufactured ones. The tiles utilised on buildings for more than 40 years were characterised by even 0.7% increase in water absorption by weight in comparison with non-utilised tiles. ...
The study included storage facilities located in the municipality of Skalbmierz in towns: Sielec Kolonia, Szarbia Zwierzyniecka and Baranów. The research involved making a detailed inventory of architectural and construction and the storage of questionnaires to selected objects. The study area is dominated by regular cold storage, they are 77% objects used for the storage of vegetables and 64% of facilities for storage of fruit. The study characterized and evaluated solutions architectural and construction and material and construction of these facilities. Prevail there nearby terrestrial objects (77% of the storage of vegetables and 72% fruit storage). Due to the form of building the most common objects were freestanding cold storage. Work carried out in the analysis of material and structural bulkheads showed that most of the vault was double-layered exterior walls, made of slag concrete hollow with styrofoam insulation, and lightweight ceilings with cooling panels. Also analyzed specific technical and operational indicators. The study showed large differences in the size of storage chambers. This was caused primarily by adaptation of existing buildings for livestock and farm for storage. Improving storage base consisted mainly of larger potential of storage facilities through the commissioning of new facilities and modernization of existing ...
The paper presents results of studies conducted in an agricultural village about the types of roofing materials appearing on buildings. Particular attention was given to buildings covered with asbestos. Based on surveys, an inventory of roof surfaces, assessing their technical condition and calculations have shown that in the village up 30.3% of the buildings have coverage of asbestos-cement boards. On 33.8% boards were found occurrence of fungi and moss and cracks that contribute to the release of asbestos fibers into the environment. Own measurements of boards weight were shown that during 17 years of use, the loss of boards weight in the village area in total amounted 3853.82 kg. Were noted a high awareness of the rural population about the dangers of asbestos on human health and the environment whilst absence of financial resources associated with the need to disposal of asbestos as a hazardous material.
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The aim of this study was analyze of the efficiency of the natural ventilation in the horse stable and an indication of opportunities to improve its operation. The study was conducted in Glinik Zaborowski in the winter. The scope of the research included measurements of air velocity with opened and closed windows and gates. Based on the results of the measurements and observations, it was found that the efficiency of the ventilation was very low. Average values of the air flow ranged from 0.06 m•s-1 to 0.12 m•s-1. These values were lower than the minimum air velocity recommended. The main reasons for very low air velocity in the horse stable was incorrect location and the wrong design solutions, among which the most important were: the lack of ventilation aparatures and abnormal direction of opening windows ...
The paper presents an analysis of energy absorption and the costs of the energy for heating single family houses situated in the city of Jasło. The conducted research demonstrated a considerable diversification of material and construction solutions of the walls and the applied heating systems. Values of the heat transfer coefficient for exterior walls exceed the currently applied standards in most buildings. Heating systems are mostly hard coal fired. Warm water preparation supported by solar thermal collectors was used only in several houses. Analysis of the research results revealed a lack of correlation between the energy costs and heat transfer coefficient for the external walls. ...
The aim of this study was to analyze the existing barns in terms of cow maintenance systems, structure and technological solutions of buildings at large dairy farms in northern Poland. The studies were conducted in northern Poland in West Pomeranian, Pomeranian, Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Warmian-Masurian and Podlaskie voivodships. The study included field inventory and questionnaire studies at some chosen farms of these voivodships.The farm size criterion was set at the herd size of 150 or more head of cattle. Based on the obtained study results and their analysis, it was established that in northern Poland the highest number of large dairy farms (41%) was located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivodship and the majority of dairy farms comprised 1-3 barns built of reinforced concrete and equipped with a gravity ventilation system. In all regions prevailed farms keeping 150 - 200 head of cattle and the largest average herd size of 460 head of cattle was in the West Pomeranian voivodship. The most often barns were equipped with herringbone milking parlours (45%) for 21-25 cows milked at once and the indoor feeding table (63%). ...
The aim of the study was the analysis of types of the storage of livestock manure from farms in the typical agricultural village. The research was conducted in the Paśmiechy village, Kazimierza Wielka commune. The field research range included an inventory of the farms areas and existing manure warehouse facilities. Among the farm group also carried out the questionnaire survey which referred to types of manure storage from agricultural production and planned investments and modernization.Based on the results analysis it was found that livestock density in livestock units totaled 150.7 LU. It was calculated that the density of animals produce the total of 4198.4 tons of manure and 8642.1 m3 of liquid manure and dung water per year. Despite the so large amount of excreta, the farms do not have the facilities for warehousing and storage of natural fertilizers. As many as 74% of the surveyed farmers stores the manure directly on the ground. However, a statement of intent to modernize or construction of dunging gutter and tanks for liquid manure or dung water had made 52% of the surveyed households. ...
The biggest and basic advantage of the system of sun direct profits is a simple way it design and subsequently construction. It involves obtaining maximum solar radiation penetrating through windows and other glazed partition. The most common systems for the passive heat obtaining in buildings are the direct profits systems, thermal storage wall, conservatories.The aim of the study was to analyze three of the solutions adopted material and construction used for passive heat obtaining in solar model-timbered building in terms of energy demand for heating. The scope of research involved the making of technical documentation and non-stationary building energy analysis using computer programs. As the decisive criterion for selecting the most favorable passive solar energy obtaining system has been accepted indicator of the amount of energy you can save per 1 m2 of usable floor space.Based on the research it was found that the most effective energy solar heat obtaining system are large glass windows on the south wall of the model building. By using this solution you can reduce heating energy consumption in the model building by as much as 14% at its correct location relative to the world directions ...
