The aim of the study was the analysis of types of the storage of livestock manure from farms in the typical agricultural village. The research was conducted in the Paśmiechy village, Kazimierza Wielka commune. The field research range included an inventory of the farms areas and existing manure warehouse facilities. Among the farm group also carried out the questionnaire survey which referred to types of manure storage from agricultural production and planned investments and modernization.Based on the results analysis it was found that livestock density in livestock units totaled 150.7 LU. It was calculated that the density of animals produce the total of 4198.4 tons of manure and 8642.1 m3 of liquid manure and dung water per year. Despite the so large amount of excreta, the farms do not have the facilities for warehousing and storage of natural fertilizers. As many as 74% of the surveyed farmers stores the manure directly on the ground. However, a statement of intent to modernize or construction of dunging gutter and tanks for liquid manure or dung water had made 52% of the surveyed households. ...
The biggest and basic advantage of the system of sun direct profits is a simple way it design and subsequently construction. It involves obtaining maximum solar radiation penetrating through windows and other glazed partition. The most common systems for the passive heat obtaining in buildings are the direct profits systems, thermal storage wall, conservatories.The aim of the study was to analyze three of the solutions adopted material and construction used for passive heat obtaining in solar model-timbered building in terms of energy demand for heating. The scope of research involved the making of technical documentation and non-stationary building energy analysis using computer programs. As the decisive criterion for selecting the most favorable passive solar energy obtaining system has been accepted indicator of the amount of energy you can save per 1 m2 of usable floor space.Based on the research it was found that the most effective energy solar heat obtaining system are large glass windows on the south wall of the model building. By using this solution you can reduce heating energy consumption in the model building by as much as 14% at its correct location relative to the world directions ...
The aim of this study was to analyze the existing barns in terms of cow maintenance systems, structure and technological solutions of buildings at large dairy farms in northern Poland. The studies were conducted in northern Poland in West Pomeranian, Pomeranian, Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Warmian-Masurian and Podlaskie voivodships. The study included field inventory and questionnaire studies at some chosen farms of these voivodships.The farm size criterion was set at the herd size of 150 or more head of cattle. Based on the obtained study results and their analysis, it was established that in northern Poland the highest number of large dairy farms (41%) was located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivodship and the majority of dairy farms comprised 1-3 barns built of reinforced concrete and equipped with a gravity ventilation system. In all regions prevailed farms keeping 150 - 200 head of cattle and the largest average herd size of 460 head of cattle was in the West Pomeranian voivodship. The most often barns were equipped with herringbone milking parlours (45%) for 21-25 cows milked at once and the indoor feeding table (63%). ...
The paper presents analysis of hygrothermal characteristics of insulated external partitions in residential building in municapility of Michałowice. The study showed a high diversity of material and structural solutions in existing buildings. The value of heat transfer coefficient for external walls of buildings before thermomodernisation was surveyed as mostly about 1.00 W∙m-2∙K-1. Thermomodernisation contributed to reduction in heat transfer coefficient through the walls to about 0.30 W∙m-2∙K-1. Hygrothermal calculations showed a great risk of condensation in non-insulated exterior walls. Modernization contributed to elimination of condensation of water vapour in the carrier layer of the wall. The result of thermomodernisation was increase of temperature of inner surface of the partitions, which reduced the risk of water vapour condensation inside the baffles and on their surfaces. Another result of thermomodernisation was about 3-fold increase of thermal resistance in studied buildings in municipality of Michałowice. ...
The paper presents results of studies of some indoor microclimate parameters and temperature of litter bedding in a freestall barn used to house dairy cattle in a deep-litter bedding system. The studies were conducted in the period from 22 March 2014 to 22 March 2015. The analysis of distribution of litter surface temperature showed its strong relationship with indoor air temperature. In summer, temporary exceedances of the allowable indoor air temperature by even 12 °C were noted. The studies showed a significant effect of the number of animals in the barn on litter surface temperature. In the periods when cows stayed in the barn, two zones could be distinguished: the sidewall zone 1.5 m wide at the western outside wall of the building and the inner zone encompassing the remaining part of the barn. Differences in litter temperature between these zones, when cows stayed in the barn, reached 10°C. When the building was empty and animals were on pasture, the differences between litter surface temperatures were much smaller and did not exceed 3°C. ...
The paper presents an analysis of the influence of the moisture content in autoclaved aerated concretes on their drying. The tested material consisted of 60 cubic samples (10 x 10cm) of fly ash aerated concrete and sand aerated concrete, types 400 and 600. The analyzed physical parameters of the samples, such as specific density, bulk density, porosity, tightness and absorbtivity, were presented in the paper. The tests revealed that the rate of autoclaved aerated concrete drying depends in the first place on its structure and the moisture content. The drying period of samples soaked with water was the shortest for the sand aerated concrete type 600. The longest drying period was observed for the samples of the fly ash aerated concrete type 600. The results of conducted analyses allowed for distinguishing two phases of autoclaved aerated concrete drying: the first - up to 10 days, when an intensive decrease in mass wetness takes place, and the second - from 10 to 25-40 days, when a slow decline in mass wetness is observed. ...
