Rural development in both Europe and China has undergone profound transformation in recent decades, shifting from a productivity-oriented model toward one embracing multifunctionality and sustainability. This paper reviews and compares the conceptual frameworks, policy instruments, and practical implementations of multifunctional and sustainable rural development (MSRD) in these two regions. Drawing upon policy documents, academic literature, and international development reports from 2000 to 2025, the analysis highlights similarities in the pursuit of rural diversification, environmental protection, and social inclusion, yet underscores distinct institutional pathways shaped by governance systems and cultural contexts. The study concludes that mutual learning between European and Chinese rural policies can foster more integrated, resilient, and inclusive rural futures. ...
