Uncertainties as to how the climate will change and how it will influence the necessities and trends of irrigation development are the serious questions to be answered in the near future. How irrigation and water systems will have to adapt to climate changes is the challenge that planners, designers and O&M ser-vices will have to cope with. It is widely accepted that air temperature will increase of 2–4°C in Po-land. Changes in total seasonal precipitation or its pattern of variability are both important. There is rather an agreement that total yearly precipitation will not be changed but its pattern in the year will change towards greater amount in winter and less in summer. Moreover, evapotraspiration and crop water demands can increase due to increased temperatures and the extent of the length of growing season. Thus soil moisture can be depleted more quickly during the growing sea-son, while surface runoff and groundwater recharge decreased. Due to climate change and related extreme meteorological and hydrologi-cal events (droughts), it is indispensable to review planning principles, design criteria, operating rules, contingency plans and management policies for water infrastructures and to stress the role of irrigation and agricultural water man-agement to control extreme meteorological ...
Fruit crops have high water requirements. As sweet water is becoming scarce and expensive resource, development and improvement of irrigation tech-nologies, and introduction of new water saving practices (e.g. mulching to limit evaporation losses) is necessary. Relatively little research has been conducted to determine different re-sponses to unfavorable environmental conditions among various cultivars of fruit crops. Thus, studies have been undertaken at the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture to examine the influence of environmental stresses (mainly water deficiency) on plant life (growth, physiology and productivity). These researches are subjected to detailed assessment of genotypic differences in drought tolerance of various crop species. The obtained results are important not only for fruit growers, but also for plant breeders, as the enhanced resistance to stresses has become an important criterion in modern breeding programs. Balanced nutrition is essential for the health of plants. Modern practices allow farmers to apply fertilizers with water through drip irrigation systems (fer-tigation). Together with modern methods of nutrition diagnostics, fertigation has become a suitable tool for optimizing fruit crop fertilization. A new approach into sustainable water and nutrient management strategy should be a combination of modern irrigation and soil water monitoring techniques, elements ...
For adopted 12 drought definitions and basing on 49-year time series of daily flows at four cross-sections in the Mała Wisła catchment, it was found that the probability distributions of drought duration T and drought deficit V may be described by the lognormal distribution with parameters estimated by the maximum likelihood method. The goodness-of-fit quality was tested by the Anderson-Darling and Cramér-von Mises tests. Both test did not reject the tested distribution neither for any definition nor any cross-section, as the p-values were greater than 15% for the former test and greater than 20% for the latter. ...
For adopted 12 drought definitions and basing on 49-year time series of daily flows at four cross-sections in the Mała Wisła catchment, it was found that the probability distributions of drought duration T and drought deficit V may be described by the two-dimensional lognormal distribution with parameters estimated by the maximum likelihood method. The goodness-of-fit quality was tested by the Anderson-Darling and Cramér-von Mises tests. Both test did not reject the tested distributions neither for any definition nor any cross-section: all of the p-values were greater than 20%. ...
The research was carried out to determine the effect of different irrigation water requirements of different irrigation levels (mm), on the evapotranspiration seed yield (kg da-1) with vegetative and generative properties of two cotton types (drought tolerant, BA 525) and (drought susceptible, Lydia), in the Eastern Mediterranean region (Turkey). Drought or water deficit stress elicits many different phenological responses in plants.The study of vegetative features included the fresh and dry weight of plant (g), leaf area (cm2), number of leaves (number plant-1), number of fruit branches (number plant-1), number of bud formation (number plant-1) and number of node (number plant-1).This result indicates that water stress in plants limit the phenological development significantly and the average of all measurements made after flowering has been observed to decrease. ...
