Presence of mineral waters in different regions of Poland is associated with particular geological structure, which often depends on tectonic conditions. This situation occurs in tectonic trench of Krzeszowice near by Krakow, where on tectonic disturbances of Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks presenting bedrock deposit marine Cenozoic formation date Tertiary-Miocene, contains not only clay but also sulfate and chloride chemical deposits (gypsum, anhydrite and halite). Infiltration, precipitation waters penetration in sedimentary rocks during long-lasting term leaching liable to mineralization become mineral waters of more than 1000 mg/dm3 mineral content. Mineral waters that occurrs in this region, are Miocene sulfate –calcium- magnesium waters flout out in spring “Zdrój Główny” and “Zofia” and taken by wells R-1 and R-2 and also Jurassic-Cretaceous waters chloride - sulfate- sodium waters present in well S-2. Shallow Miocene mineral water is infiltration water with very long circulation period (more than 50 years). Presence in them sulfate, calcium ions and hydrogen sulfide is connected with dissolution processes of Miocene gypsum deposits and with secondary changes that are affected by presence of more reducing conditions of environment. Water from deeper Jurassic-Cretaceous horizon are older than water form shallow Miocene horizon. Mineralization of this water is connected with water admixture ...
Following the torrential rain and floods that occurred between 1997 and 2010, there has been an emergence of new and previously activated processes related to soil and rock landslides in the Polish Carpathians. In light of the damage incurred by landslides, there is a problem with the thorough diagnosis of the nature of phenomena and thus the development of methods to prevent landslides in the future. This article discusses the problem of surveying landslide areas. It highlights the possibility of using photogrammetric methods for digital imaging, as well as determines the dimensions when estimating the mass of buildings within the area of a landslide, with particular emphasis on the use of an unmanned aerial system (UAS). The described method for obtaining processing images involves a non-metric camera mounted on a UAS. The designed projections centre on individual images and elements of angular orientation and the camera interior. This enables the creation and texturing of a triangulated irregular network (TIN) model. The final result in this work is a digital surface model (DSM) and an orthophotomap. It was found that characteristic land types have been occurring in the landslide substrate with key parameters determining their properties. This enabled the determination of ...
