Real estate market in Poland is now being developed and therefore there is a need to create a database of real estate prices and trends of change of prices of different kinds of real estates. The aim of this work is the analysis and estimation of dynamics of purchase and sale transactions of real estates and building plots in 2000-2003 and evaluation of the effect of selected natural and economic factors on real estates prices. The research base was the real estate market of Niepołomice near Kraków. The analysis of 617 notarial deeds concerning purchase and sale of real estates and building plots in 2000 - 2003. Carried out research let form some conclusions. Firstly, analysis of transactions with reference to real estates and building plots from 2000 to 2003 showed that the number collapsed in 2001 and 2002 and increased in 2003. That was probably caused by the slump in Poland that time. Secondly, the trial of description of the effect of selected natural and economic conditions on the prices showed that hipsometric conditions, real estate shape and distance from the centre of delivery and sale. The same analysis of building plots showed that the prices of real ...
The authors present in the papers the landscape changes, which occure in the nearest surroundings of the water reservoir Domaniów. The landscape changes we can divide on two periods- during the building the water reservoir- after reservoir filling.The construction of water reservoir Domaniów caused the biggest changes of landscape, because desintegrated the earlier infrastructure, which there were in Radomka walley: liquidation of ways, buildings water mill at so on. In the same time were made water dam and the way running on the crown of dam, embankment of water reservoir from the side of Brudnów and Konary localities, and also technology ways circum water reservoir.After filling the water reservoir still causes the landscape changes, which the authors determinate as direct and indirect. Direct impact on the landscape results from the elevation of ground waters what increases the biodiversity and apperance of landscape. More intensive is indirect impact of water reservoir, because it stimulates investment activity on this terrains. The people are building the houses, which need for the tourists and holiday - markes and also the restaurants, bars, parkings and so on, and these all change the landscape. Therefore all new investments ought to be very scrupulate analyze with regard ...
Natural, economic and social potential should determines any kind of economic activity taken in region. Functions of communes should captivate this potential also. So the economic activity should respond with economic function. Verification of kind of economic activity in rural communes according to their functional types is purpose of article. It was present characteristic of economic activity taken in rural mountain areas, which was collate with economic functions, which are attributed these areas. Were treated three functional types on base of 38 mountain communes. Chosen functions were: non-commercial agriculture (1), forestry with agriculture (2) and tourist and recreation with share of forestry and agriculture (3). It was ascertained, that the dominating economic activity on these areas is trade and construction, independently on functional type of communes. Only for communes with tourist function was ascertained the correspondence of kind of economic activity with attributed economic function. ...
Present state and predicted development of technical, particularly network infrastructure, comprising elements and facilities of water supply and sewage disposal, is connected with various aspects of spatial management. There is a strict interrelation between the size of settlement units and the number of objects and facilities of infrastructure localized in their area. The degree of built-up density in rural areas and ground-water relationships have a significant influence on the construction costs of collective water supply and sewage disposal system. In the extremely unfavourable ground-water and terrain conditions the costs may be even twice higher than in moderate or advantageous conditions. Therefore in agricultural communes localized in sumbmontane areas with generally low budgetary incomes, investments connected with sewerage system construction are replaced, under the pressure of local communities, by investments on water supply systems. The article aims at describing the state of saturation with water supply and sewage disposal infrastructure in communes of the nowosądecki and limanowski counties during the period from 1990 until 2003.The state of individual communes equipment in the studied elements of infrastructure was described using saturation indices expressing the relationship of the network length per 100 km2. The indices were computed for the time span from 1990 ...
Water plays an important role in the processes present in ecosystems, and constitutes the essential abiotical part of the environment. As a resource which is renewable and changeable in time, the water performs numerous management functions. The nature of those particular functions requires that water is not only protected from contamination, but also economically managed as well. The qualitative and quantitative protection of water resources constitutes and integral part of environmental protection. The present paper describes water-sewage management in Drwinia Commune in Krakow Region (Bochnia Powiat). Particular emphasis is laid on correct management of the water resources available, the quality of surface and underground water resources and the sewage management. The assessment of water management is preceded by the description of the commune itself, in terms of its local development, demography, usage and climate. By analysing the data, it has become possible to state that, although Drwinia Commune possesses sufficient water resources (except for drought periods), the quality of such resources allows them neither to be used for drinking purposes - without prior treatment - nor for farm use. The water resources available include in first row flowing surface waters and underground quaternary waters. The lack of sufficiently developed water ...
The paper presents the results of investigations on changes of heavy metal contain within the deposits of the check dam water reservoir situated on the mountainous stream along the long term observations done between 1977-1981 and in 2002). The work was realized in the Kasinka Stream watershed in the Beskid Wyspowy in Polish Carpathians. The catchment area of the Kasinka Stream is 49,6 km2, the length of the Kasinka to the research cross section is 16,2 km, the precipitation is 914 mm, and the t-years floods within the check-dam cross section are as follows: Q10% = 32,0 m3 s-1, Q5% = 40 m3 s-1, Q2% = 52 m3 s-1, Q1% = 63 m3 s-1, Q0,5% = 73 m3 s-1 and Q0,1% = 99 m3 s-1. The Kasinka Stream is the 3rd order tributary of the Raba River which is the 2nd order tributary of the Vistula River. The Kasinka watershed is situated within the recreation areas of Krakow (the Raba Valley and Mszana municipality). The area is quite dense populated with many tourist areas. Also it is here where the road to Zakopane is nearby. All ...
The last years' floods, in particular in the Upper Vistula Catchment, caused serious damages by inundations by small torrents and mountainous rivers. It was proved that hydraulic works and land-use changes usually induce an acceleration of runoff throughout the catchment, which can locally enhance erosion, damage river ecosystems and worsen floods. The "Dynamic Slow Down" concept therefore promotes slowing down, using transverse obstacles or small retention works. In accordance with sustainable development, DSD claims that hydraulic projects must be planned at catchment-scale and must take all the stakes into account, including ecological issues. Cemagref and Cracow Institute of Water Engineering worked on from 1999 a DSD feasibility study in the Polish Isepnica catchment. In the present paper we continue the work including the simulation of the change of three sediment check in dams dry reservoirs. To deal with flood and erosion problems, they proposed small works in hillslopes and a dry reservoirs.In the paper the DSD methods were applied to Isepnica Torrent (Soła River Tributary). Implementation consists on simultaneous management of the hillslopes and the river bed in order to slow down the runoff, to store temporally water in small reservoirs and in the areas of small ...
The Promotion Forest Complexes are a functional areas in peculiarities about to ecological meaning, educational and social. The own name Promotion Forest Complex (PFC) Rychtalskie Forest is accepted from a situated forests on precinct Rychtal of Forest Inspectorate Syców. This forests of precinct are celebrated from ekotype ordinary pine, about unrepeatable genetic values, confirmed in scientific investigations. Total area of the PFC Rychtalskie Forest carries out 47 992 ha, in this Forest Inspectorate Antonin 19915 hahectare, Forest Inspectorate Syców 22 140 ha, and Forest Experimental Institution Experimental Siemianice 5938 ha. Generally, on the PFC Rychtalskie Forest area are: 57% coniferous forest, 37.5% broadleaved forest and 5.5% upland forest. In Forest Inspectorate Antonin greatest area occupies fresh coniferous forest. In Forest Inspectorates Syców and Siemianice dominates habitats of fresh mixed coniferous. On all area least participation has flooded forest. Defined, that under notion marshlands were described forest areas, forest ekosystems forest in excess wet, to which belongs initially these grounds, that are in forest descriptions classified as: Bb, BMB, LMB, Ol, OlJ and Lł (Polish standard). To detailed investigations are selected three experimental areas, microcatchments and 6 transects transverse to forest roads situated or in frames above mentioned areas or ...
The study presents the results of the research under contain a nitrogen and a phosphorus in the Dobczyce reservoir's inflows (in a period July-December 2003 year). There was a drought time, which characterized a low precipitations. The research has done on a shot in a five direct inflows of reservoir: Ratanica, Brzezówka, Dębnik, Wolnica i Trzemeśnianka and in the Raba river (Osieczany section). Obteinable results of the research with six measuring sections were compared and on this basis, water was qualified to an appropriate grade. The direct inflows of the Dobczyce reservoir, which was investigated on a contain a nitrogen and a phosphorus, wasn't serious endangered in a half a 2003 year. The inflows was moderate prosperous in a nitrogen compounds and affluent in a phosphorus compounds. The water of streams investigated rest on value of concentration nitrogen in a form: amonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen according to a decree of 1991 can qualify for a first class purity. According to a proposal decree can qualify for a first class with exception of the Ratanica stream and the Trzemeśnianka stream, concering to nitrite nitrogen. There is a worse qualify of water in the Raba river, becouse of amonium ...
The main aim of the work is to presents the results of examination of some basic granulometric and hydraulic parameters of the discharge within the region of the braided river bar formation. The research was concentrated on the investigation of the armoring layer of the braided bar in terms of the basic sedimentological parameters, and this way on understanding the forming process of this structure. At the same time hydrological measurements were carried out in the region of the bar and on the basis of these hydraulics calculations of hydrodynamics parameters were performed. For granulometric investigations the samples of the gravel forming the braided bar were collected in ten cross sections of the bar. On the basis of sieve analysis the grain size curves were prepared, so the main granulometric characteristics were described, as follows: Trask sorting coefficient, Hazen sorting coefficient, Knoroz grain parameter, Kollis domination parameter, Trask skewness coefficient and Folk mean deviation. The measurements of water velocities just over the river bed allowed calculating main hydraulics parameters, such as: shear velocity, shear stresses, Froude number, Reynolds number, flow resistance coefficient within the region of the braided middle gravel bar formation in the mountainous river. Hydrodynamics ...
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of microirrigation (microjet sprinkling and drip irrigation) and organic fertilization (compost prepared on the base of sewage sludge) on a seedling vigour and a degree of mycorrhiza of one-year old Scot pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris L.) produced on a post-agricultural ground with the use of zoo-melioration. Two-year (2003-2004) field experiments were carried out on an experimental field of Department of Land Reclamation and Agrometeorology in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. Investigations were conducted on a loose sandy soil belonging to VI quality class (degraded meadow black earth formed from coarse sandy soil on a shallow loose sandy soil). The first row factor was irrigation used in three treatments: without irrigation (control), drip irrigation, microjet sprinkling. The second row factor was fertilization, used in two variants: mineral fertilization (standard applied in forest nurseries), organic fertilization (compost). Irrigation significantly increased the height and the diameter of Scot pine seedligs. There were no significant differences in the characters of the growth between the two irrigation systems. Fertilization of Scot pine seedlings with the compost increased significantly the height of seedlings. Interaction of irrigation with organic fertilization in shaping of Scot pine seedling height and ...
Multifunctionality has a wide meaning comprising among other local development, entrepreneurship, long-term planning, diversification of agriculture and improvement of demographic resources. Therefore problems of multifunctional rural development must be treated on a broad basis.The work presented results of research on diversification of multifunctional rural development in the świetokrzyskie province, which covered 97 communes.Level of multifunctional development on the investigated subjects was presented as a synthetic index of development developed by Hellwig, which has been calculated on the basis of 15 variables characterizing multifunctionality. The value of computed synthetic index ranged between 0.3055 (for the Masłów commune) to 0.0155 (for the Bliżyn commune). At this point it should be mentioned that the index has been constructed in such way that its value ranges between 0 and 1. In some cases, e.g. considerable difference in development of some objects, it may assume values below 0.A classification of the researched communes due to their multifunctionality was conducted using Ward method. Diagram of connections created on this basis allowed for identification of four classes of communes. ...
Multifunctional rural development is a proven in many European countries way of improving standard of living of farming families. The term also describes a lifestyle, implies maintaining rural traditions without resigning from the conveniences of modern civilization. Developing rural areas in this manner means accomplishing multitude of diverse projects. Multifunctional rural development is not only siting non-agricultural enterprises in these areas, but also preserving the landscape, the environment and traditional rural culture. The paper describes how AHP - Analytic Hierarchy Process - has been applied to assess multifunctional rural development of 11 randomly chosen rural communes located in Małopolska Province. The way of accomplishing the required tasks has been examined from a fresh perspective and a novel manner, taking into account numerous factors and relations between them, of arriving at the planned goals has been proposed. Because of its complexity, the structure of the problem is presented hierarchically. Priorities (weights) of each component element of the structure has been estimated by comparing them one to another in pairs according to the 9-point Saaty scale. Determining the priorities of component elements allowed to rank the communes according to their multifunctionality. The conducted sensitivity analysis made it possible to dynamically change the ...
