Vegetables generally have large water demands and high sensitivity to water deficiency, especially in a growth stages crucial for the yielding. In deficiency of the precipitation, irrigation in appropriate: term and amount, as well as with suitable method significantly improves the quantity and quality of the crop and reduces the development of physiological diseases. Popular in the world, albeit low economical methods are: flood and furrow irrigation; in Poland generally sprinkle irrigation is applied. More and more often in field conditions, drip irrigation is introduced - efficient, water and energy saving method, allowing for precision irrigation and fertilization. Increasingly limited access to the water sources, soil erosion and contamination of groundwater tend to conduct researches into more economic and efficient, simultaneously environmental-friendly methods of irrigation. In the paper the results of the latest worldwide research on irrigation of tomato and cucumber in the field conditions were presented. The most important issues related to the water requirements of these popular vegetables were depicted, compares the effects of different irrigation methods and solutions aimed at increasing of the efficiency of irrigation were presented. ...
The aim of the study was the estimating of the level of the deficiency of precipitation in the early and late cultivation of white cabbage and carrot in the years 1981-2010 in the region of Bydgoszcz. For this purpose, results of standard meteorological measurements from the Research Station of the Faculty of Agri-culture and Biotechnology 'Mochełek', University of Technology and Life Sciences were used. Optimal precipitations for medium soils were calculated according to Klatt. Precipitations deficiency in subsequent month of cultivation and in critical periods in terms of water supply were calculated by diminish between the real and optimal precipitations. The trends of deficiency of precipitations in the examinated period were estimated too.There was not demonstrated essential changes in the average air tempera-tures and the sum of precipitation in period IV-IX. The precipitation deficiency in vegetation period and in critical periods was indicated. It verify the necessity of the irrigation in the cultivation of the white cabbage and carrot. The precipitations deficiency in the examinated period not indicated the growth trend. Larger climatic risk of cultivation due to precipitations deficiency in the late cultivation of exami-nated species was demonstrated. ...
